The Egyptians of the 1st millennium BC. AD placed statuettes in their tombs then called oushebtis, “those who respond” in ancient Egyptian. These ushabtis, intended to replace the deceased by responding to the call during agricultural chores to be carried out in the afterlife, are both idealized images of the dead and the servants – workers, gripping the hoe, the pick and the sowing bag. Often inscribed, these statuettes constitute first-rate documentary sources which concern both Egyptian funerary beliefs and the structures of a complex society. As Jean-François Champollion pointed out in 1827, their texts provide the names, filiations and functions of the deceased, making it possible to reconstruct “the series of castes, that of public functions, and in a word the faithful picture of the social organization of the Egyptians”. Jean Yoyotte later described them as “witnesses of Egyptian society”. Nearly two centuries after Champollion, this catalog raisonné highlights one of the richest collections of ushabtis in the world, focusing its discussion on the statuettes produced from the 26th dynasty to the Ptolemaic era. The introductory chapter traces the history of the constitution of this exceptional collection, mainly from the great Egyptian collections of the 19th and 20th centuries as well as shared excavations; it offers an analysis of the statuette manufacturing techniques based on the observation of this vast collection. The work presents an exhaustive study of the one thousand nine hundred and fifty late Ushabtis from the Louvre collection accompanied by a presentation of the owners of these statuettes, the other monuments which make them known and their occupations. The sumptuous iconography and full-size reproductions highlight the diversity of these statuettes, although they are produced in a standardized manner.